Eritrea is a Red Sea-facing nation in the Horn of Africa. The coastal location of Eritrea has long been significant to its history and culture; this is reflected in the name of the country, which is an Italianized version of the Latin phrase Mare Erythraeum, which means “Red Sea.” The Red Sea served as a major trade route that nations like Turkey, Egypt, and Italy sought to control by seizing ports along the Eritrean coast. It was also the route by which Christianity and Islam entered the region. Due to the promise of access to the gold, coffee, and slaves offered by traffickers in the southern Ethiopian highlands, Ethiopia turned into the nation from which the Eritrean people had to escape in the second half of the 20th century.
From Cape Kasar in the north to the Strait of Mandeb, which divides the Red Sea from the Gulf of Aden in the south, Eritrea’s coastline, which forms the northeastern limit of the country, stretches for about 600 miles (or 1,000 km). Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Sudan form the southeast, south, and western borders of the nation, respectively.
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