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Alan Mathiason Turing was born in Maide Vale, London on 23 June 1912 and was raised in southern England. He graduated at King’s College, Cambridge, with a mathematics degree. In 1938 he obtained is PhD from the Department of Mathematics at
Princeton University and worked for the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. For a time, he led the Hut 8, the section that was responsible for German ciphers, improvisation.
He devised a number of techniques for speeding the breaking of German ciphers, improvements to the pre-war Polish bomb method, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine.
He played a crucial role in cracking intercepted coded messages that made the Allies to defeat the Axis powers in many crucial engagements, with the Battle of the Atlantic included.
He worked at the National Physical Laboratory after the war and designed the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE). Turing joined Max Newman’s Computing Machine Laboratory at the Victoria
University of Manchester, where he aided to develop the Manchester computers and became interested in mathematical biology. He was never fully recognised in Britain during his lifetime because much of his work was covered by Official Secrets Art.
He was prosecuted in 1952 for homosekzual acts and accepted hormone treatment with DES as an alternative to prison. In 2009, the British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown made an official apology on behalf of the British government for the way Turing was treated. Queen Elizabeth II granted a
posthumous pardon in 2013 and the term “Allan Turing Law” has been used formally to refer to a 2017 law in the United Kingdom. Allan Turing died on June 7, 1954, sixteen days to forty-second birthday from cyanide poisoning. It was said his death was an accidental poisoning.
Many statues of him were created and an annual award for computer science innovations was also named after him. He appears on the current Bank of
England fifty dollar note, which was released in 2021, to coincide with his birthday. He was voted as the greatest person of the twentieth century in a 2019 BBC series by the audience.
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